khan, S., ,, S., Gul, A., Jehan, S., Khan, Z., saeed, J., Shirazi, R., Raziq, A., Waseem Khan, M., Ullah, H. (2023). Biodiversity of Actinomycetes and Their Secondary Metabolites: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of advanced Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(1), 36-48. doi: 10.21608/jabps.2022.161607.1165
Sadaf khan; Shanzeba ,; Aisha Gul; Saqlain Jehan; Zahid Khan; Javaria saeed; Ramiz Raza Shirazi; Abdur Raziq; Muhammad Waseem Khan; Hayat Ullah. "Biodiversity of Actinomycetes and Their Secondary Metabolites: A Comprehensive Review". Journal of advanced Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6, 1, 2023, 36-48. doi: 10.21608/jabps.2022.161607.1165
khan, S., ,, S., Gul, A., Jehan, S., Khan, Z., saeed, J., Shirazi, R., Raziq, A., Waseem Khan, M., Ullah, H. (2023). 'Biodiversity of Actinomycetes and Their Secondary Metabolites: A Comprehensive Review', Journal of advanced Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(1), pp. 36-48. doi: 10.21608/jabps.2022.161607.1165
khan, S., ,, S., Gul, A., Jehan, S., Khan, Z., saeed, J., Shirazi, R., Raziq, A., Waseem Khan, M., Ullah, H. Biodiversity of Actinomycetes and Their Secondary Metabolites: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of advanced Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023; 6(1): 36-48. doi: 10.21608/jabps.2022.161607.1165
Biodiversity of Actinomycetes and Their Secondary Metabolites: A Comprehensive Review
1Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering University, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
2Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan.
3Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
4Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government college university Lahore, Pakistan
5Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
6Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
7Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences
8Government College University Faisalabad
Abstract
Background: Among prokaryotes, Actinomycetes are one of the most explored microorganism due to their capability of novel bioactive secondary metabolites production. Actinomycetes secondary metabolites are known for their role in different cellular, physiological and biological processes. Main body: Actinomycetes are most widely distributed in natural ecosystem habitats such as soil, hypersaline soil, rhizosphere soil, freshwater, limestone, volcanic cave, marine sediments, sponges, and desert. Actinomycetes bioactive secondary metabolites most important features are that they have specific microbial producers, diverse bioactivities and unique chemical structures. Some important antibiotics produced by actinomycetes are actinomycetin, mycetin, micromonosporin and from actinomyces are lysozyme, actinomycin, streptothricin, proactinomycin and streptomycin. These antibiotics differ greatly in their structure, antimicrobial and toxicity properties. Actinomycetes secondary metabolites include spirotetronate, quinones, lactams, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, diketones, aromatic ketones, ansamycin, glycopeptides, lactones, Tetracenediones, anthracyclines, macrolides, fattiviracins, polyenes and tetracyclines, natural polycyclic polyketide. Conclusion: This review study summarized that Actinomycetes are naturally distributed species found in diverse environments. It is assumed that actinomycetes species found in extreme conditions have the capability to produce novel bioactive secondary metabolites that remain unexplored yet.
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